diff --git a/tests/test_redact_large_string_cache.py b/tests/test_redact_large_string_cache.py
index dfcbbf21..400b0d1b 100644
--- a/tests/test_redact_large_string_cache.py
+++ b/tests/test_redact_large_string_cache.py
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-"""Grosses chaines: memoiser au lieu de repayer ~15 regex a chaque requete.
+"""Large strings: memoize instead of re-paying ~15 regexes on every request.
 
-``_redact_fn_cached`` excluait du LRU toute chaine > 16 384 caracteres, pour
-eviter d'evincer les milliers de petites chaines recurrentes et de gonfler la
-RSS. Consequence mesuree sur une session reelle de 22 Mo: 59 grosses chaines
-(29 uniques, 0,76 Mo) repassaient l'integralite des regex a CHAQUE requete,
-pour un resultat toujours identique — 1,68 s par requete, soit 99,9% du cout
-recurrent de la redaction une fois le cache des petites chaines chaud.
+``_redact_fn_cached`` excluded every string > 16,384 characters from the LRU,
+to avoid evicting the thousands of small recurring strings and inflating RSS.
+Measured consequence on a real 22 MB session: 59 large strings (29 unique,
+0.76 MB) went through the full regex set on EVERY request, for an always
+identical result -- 1.68 s per request, i.e. 99.9% of the recurring redaction
+cost once the small-string cache is warm.
 
-Le correctif ajoute un SECOND cache, dedie aux grosses chaines, borne en
-nombre d'entrees ET par une taille maximale par entree, pour que la RSS reste
-plafonnee. Les chaines geantes (> plafond) restent volontairement non cachees.
+The fix adds a SECOND cache, dedicated to large strings, bounded both by entry
+count AND by a maximum size per entry, so that RSS stays capped. Giant strings
+(> cap) deliberately remain uncached.
 
-Contrat verifie ici:
-  1. une grosse chaine est redigee exactement comme avant;
-  2. la meme grosse chaine n'est pas recalculee au second appel;
-  3. les deux caches restent separes (pas d'eviction croisee);
-  4. une chaine au-dela du plafond n'est jamais retenue.
+Contract verified here:
+  1. a large string is redacted exactly as before;
+  2. the same large string is not recomputed on the second call;
+  3. the two caches stay separate (no cross-eviction);
+  4. a string above the cap is never retained.
 """
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ SECRET = "gh" + "p_" + "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzAB"
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def _isolate_large_cache():
-    """Ne pas laisser ce fichier polluer l'etat global du process.
+    """Do not let this file pollute the process-wide global state.
 
-    Le cache est un singleton de module partage par toute la suite. Le vider
-    sans le restaurer laisse les tests suivants demarrer a froid, ce qui
-    perturbe ceux qui dependent de fenetres de fraicheur ou de temps de
-    reponse. On repart d'un cache vide ET on le revide en sortie, pour que ce
-    fichier n'ait aucun effet observable en dehors de lui-meme.
+    The cache is a module singleton shared by the whole suite. Clearing it
+    without restoring it makes the following tests start cold, which disturbs
+    those that depend on freshness windows or response times. We start from an
+    empty cache AND clear it again on exit, so that this file has no observable
+    effect outside of itself.
     """
     helpers._redact_fn_large_lru.cache_clear()
     yield
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ def _isolate_large_cache():
 
 
 def _big(secret: str, size: int) -> str:
-    """Chaine > seuil du petit cache, porteuse d'un secret.
+    """String > small-cache threshold, carrying a secret.
 
-    Le remplissage doit etre assez long pour atteindre ``size`` meme au-dela
-    du plafond du grand cache, sinon la troncature produit une chaine trop
-    courte et le test ne verifie plus ce qu'il annonce.
+    The filler must be long enough to reach ``size`` even beyond the large
+    cache cap, otherwise truncation yields a string that is too short and the
+    test no longer verifies what it claims.
     """
     unit = "lorem ipsum dolor sit amet "
     filler = unit * (size // len(unit) + 1)
@@ -82,21 +82,21 @@ def test_large_string_is_memoized():
     info = helpers._redact_fn_large_lru.cache_info()
 
     assert second == first
-    assert info.hits >= 1, "grosse chaine recalculee au second appel"
-    assert info.misses == misses_after_first, "miss supplementaire inattendu"
+    assert info.hits >= 1, "large string recomputed on second call"
+    assert info.misses == misses_after_first, "unexpected additional miss"
 
 
 def test_small_strings_do_not_use_the_large_cache():
     helpers._redact_fn_large_lru.cache_clear()
-    small = f"petit texte {SECRET}"
+    small = f"small text {SECRET}"
     assert len(small) <= _REDACT_CACHE_MAX_TEXT_LEN
     _redact_fn_cached(small)
     info = helpers._redact_fn_large_lru.cache_info()
-    assert info.hits == 0 and info.misses == 0, "petite chaine routee vers le grand cache"
+    assert info.hits == 0 and info.misses == 0, "small string routed to the large cache"
 
 
 def test_giant_string_is_not_retained():
-    """Au-dela du plafond: correct, mais jamais mis en cache (RSS bornee)."""
+    """Above the cap: correct, but never cached (bounded RSS)."""
     helpers._redact_fn_large_lru.cache_clear()
     giant = _big(SECRET, _REDACT_LARGE_CACHE_MAX_TEXT_LEN + 10000)
     assert len(giant) > _REDACT_LARGE_CACHE_MAX_TEXT_LEN
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def test_giant_string_is_not_retained():
     assert out == _redact_fn_uncached(giant)
     assert SECRET not in out
     info = helpers._redact_fn_large_lru.cache_info()
-    assert info.currsize == 0, "chaine geante retenue en cache"
+    assert info.currsize == 0, "giant string retained in cache"
 
 
 def test_large_cache_is_bounded():
diff --git a/tests/test_redact_value_no_copy_when_clean.py b/tests/test_redact_value_no_copy_when_clean.py
index 210217bf..eb52bc93 100644
--- a/tests/test_redact_value_no_copy_when_clean.py
+++ b/tests/test_redact_value_no_copy_when_clean.py
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-"""Redaction: ne pas reconstruire ce qui n'a pas change.
+"""Redaction: do not rebuild what has not changed.
 
-``_redact_value`` reconstruisait integralement chaque dict/liste, soit une
-copie profonde de tout le payload a chaque reponse, meme quand rien n'est
-redige. Sur une session de 22 Mo, 97,4% des chaines ne contiennent aucun
-marqueur sensible: la copie est donc du travail pur perte, et elle tient le
-GIL (json/allocations ne le liberent pas), ce qui serialise les onglets.
+``_redact_value`` used to rebuild every dict/list in full, i.e. a deep copy of
+the whole payload on every response, even when nothing is redacted. On a 22 MB
+session, 97.4% of the strings contain no sensitive marker: the copy is
+therefore pure wasted work, and it holds the GIL (json/allocations do not
+release it), which serializes the tabs.
 
-Contrat verifie ici:
-  1. Quand rien n'est redige, la valeur RENVOYEE EST l'objet d'origine
-     (identite, pas seulement egalite) et aucun conteneur proportionnel au
-     payload n'est alloue en chemin.
-  2. Quand quelque chose est redige, un NOUVEL objet est renvoye et
-     l'original n'est PAS mute (fail-closed: pas de fuite par aliasing).
-  3. Le resultat reste egal a celui de l'ancienne implementation.
+Contract verified here:
+  1. When nothing is redacted, the RETURNED value IS the original object
+     (identity, not just equality) and no container proportional to the
+     payload is allocated along the way.
+  2. When something is redacted, a NEW object is returned and the original
+     is NOT mutated (fail-closed: no leak through aliasing).
+  3. The result stays equal to the one of the previous implementation.
 """
 import sys
 import tracemalloc
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ SECRET = "authorization=Bearer sk-live-abcdef0123456789"
 
 
 def _reference_redact(v, *, _enabled):
-    """Implementation d'origine (copie systematique), pour comparaison."""
+    """Original implementation (systematic copy), kept for comparison."""
     from api.helpers import _redact_text
 
     if isinstance(v, str):
@@ -40,25 +40,25 @@ def _reference_redact(v, *, _enabled):
 
 
 def test_clean_payload_is_returned_by_identity():
-    """Rien de sensible -> aucun dict/liste ne doit etre reconstruit."""
+    """Nothing sensitive -> no dict/list must be rebuilt."""
     payload = {
         "messages": [
-            {"role": "user", "content": "bonjour, ou en est la commande 4512 ?"},
-            {"role": "assistant", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "elle part demain"}]},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "hello, where is order 4512 at?"},
+            {"role": "assistant", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "it ships tomorrow"}]},
         ],
         "meta": {"workspace": "/workspace/project", "count": 3, "ok": True},
     }
 
     out = _redact_value(payload, _enabled=True)
 
-    assert out is payload, "payload propre reconstruit inutilement"
+    assert out is payload, "clean payload rebuilt needlessly"
     assert out["messages"] is payload["messages"]
     assert out["messages"][0] is payload["messages"][0]
     assert out["meta"] is payload["meta"]
 
 
 def test_clean_payload_does_not_allocate_eager_container_copies():
-    """La voie propre doit rester O(1) en allocation de conteneurs temporaires."""
+    """The clean path must stay O(1) in temporary container allocation."""
     payload = {
         "dict": {index: index for index in range(20_000)},
         "list": list(range(20_000)),
@@ -77,39 +77,39 @@ def test_clean_payload_does_not_allocate_eager_container_copies():
             tracemalloc.stop()
 
     assert out is payload
-    # Une liste temporaire de 20 000 pointeurs depasse a elle seule 160 Ko.
-    # Le seuil reste volontairement un ordre de grandeur en dessous, sans
-    # dependre des details exacts de l'allocateur d'une version de CPython.
-    assert peak - before < 16_384, f"copies temporaires detectees: {peak - before} octets"
+    # A temporary list of 20,000 pointers alone exceeds 160 KB. The threshold
+    # deliberately stays an order of magnitude below that, without depending
+    # on the exact allocator details of a given CPython version.
+    assert peak - before < 16_384, f"temporary copies detected: {peak - before} bytes"
 
 
 def test_sensitive_payload_is_copied_and_original_untouched():
-    """Quelque chose est redige -> nouvel objet, original intact."""
+    """Something is redacted -> new object, original intact."""
     inner = {"role": "user", "content": SECRET}
     payload = {"messages": [inner], "meta": {"workspace": "/tmp"}}
 
     out = _redact_value(payload, _enabled=True)
 
-    # un nouvel objet est renvoye sur le chemin modifie
+    # a new object is returned along the modified path
     assert out is not payload
     assert out["messages"] is not payload["messages"]
     assert out["messages"][0] is not inner
 
-    # l'original n'est pas mute (pas de fuite par aliasing)
+    # the original is not mutated (no leak through aliasing)
     assert inner["content"] == SECRET
     assert payload["messages"][0]["content"] == SECRET
 
-    # le secret est bien masque dans la sortie
+    # the secret is indeed masked in the output
     assert out["messages"][0]["content"] != SECRET
 
-    # les branches NON modifiees restent partagees (c'est tout l'interet)
+    # the UNmodified branches stay shared (that is the whole point)
     assert out["meta"] is payload["meta"]
 
 
 def test_copy_on_first_change_preserves_order_types_and_clean_identity():
-    """Une redaction tardive copie seulement son chemin sans reordonner le JSON."""
-    before = {"clean": ["avant", 1]}
-    after = {"clean": ["apres", 2]}
+    """A late redaction copies only its own path without reordering the JSON."""
+    before = {"clean": ["before", 1]}
+    after = {"clean": ["after", 2]}
     payload = {
         "before": before,
         "items": [before, {"secret": SECRET}, after],
@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@ def test_copy_on_first_change_preserves_order_types_and_clean_identity():
 
 
 def test_matches_reference_implementation():
-    """Le resultat doit rester identique a l'implementation d'origine."""
+    """The result must stay identical to the original implementation."""
     payload = {
         "messages": [
-            {"role": "user", "content": "texte normal"},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "plain text"},
             {"role": "assistant", "content": SECRET},
-            {"role": "user", "content": ["propre", SECRET, 42, None]},
+            {"role": "user", "content": ["clean", SECRET, 42, None]},
         ],
-        "nested": {"a": {"b": {"c": SECRET}}, "d": {"e": "rien"}},
+        "nested": {"a": {"b": {"c": SECRET}}, "d": {"e": "nothing"}},
         "scalars": [1, 2.5, True, None],
     }
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def test_matches_reference_implementation():
 
 
 def test_disabled_redaction_still_shares():
-    """Redaction desactivee -> rien ne doit etre copie."""
+    """Redaction disabled -> nothing must be copied."""
     payload = {"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": SECRET}]}
     out = _redact_value(payload, _enabled=False)
     assert out is payload